Metabolic Aspects on Diabetic Nephropathy

3 LIST OF PAPERS 4 ABBREVIATIONS 5 BACKGROUND 6 Diabetes and its complications 6 Diabetic nephropathy – a historic perspective 7 Pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy 7 Clinical development and presentation 11 Metabolic consequences 14 Hormones and cytokines 16 Clinical management 19 Summary 24 RESEARCH QUESTION AND SPECIFIC AIMS 25 METHODS 26 Study cohorts 26 Renal function 27 Blood chemistry 27 Insulin sensitivity in vivo 28 Insulin sensitivity in vitro 28 Registers, questionnaires and medical records 29 Statistical methods 30 SUMMARY OF RESULTS 31 Paper I 31 Paper II 31 Paper III 32 Paper IV 33 DISCUSSION 35 SUMMARY 44 CONCLUDING REMARKS 45 POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING 47 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 50 REFERENCES 51 PAPERS I-IV 69